Исторические науки

GEORGIA AND THE SECRET PROJECT FOR REDISTRIBUTION EUROPE 70-80S OF THE 18TH CENTURY [ГРУЗИЯ И СЕКРЕТНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ПЕРЕДЕЛА ЕВРОПЫ 70-80-Х ГОДОВ XVIII ВЕКА]

Natsvaladze M.А.

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Natsvaladze Mamuka Avtandil - Doctorale,

PROGRAM: HISTORY OF GEORGIA,

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES,

SOKHUMI STATE UNIVERSITY, TBILISI, GEORGIA

Abstract: global international project of the 70s-80s of the XVIII century envisaging a new distribution of Europe based on the areas of the Ottoman Empire is reviewed in the article. This topic acquires a final feature in a conceptual form in the correspondence between Catherine II and the Emperor of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire Josephus II under the name of  "Greek Project".

The Greek Project can be unequivocally considered as a key to the history of  Georgia of 50s-80s  of the XVIII century. A number of studies have shown that numerous problematic questions remain unanswered until the present day without considering the Greek Project.

Patience and tolerance shown by the King of Kartli - Kakheti Erekle II towards the Russian intrigues cannot be explained without the Greek Project. Georgia acquires qualitatively different and desired form of all time through the implementation of the Greek Project.

The Greek Project is an attempt to create a Christian global political model, a political background that can serve as a precondition for the restoration of a real united Caucasian Home, ensuring a guarantee of irreversible development and security for all royal principalities and khanate in the Caucasus.

This is the reason, the state oriented thinker Erekle II, avoids responding with aggression to the permanent intrigues of Russia.   Erekle II tries to get involved in this great political game as a sovereign of a full-fledged political entity.

Such attitude of Erekle is a guarantee of success for the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg. However, Russia chooses a completely different way - confronting Erekle's benevolent alliance with hostile, imperial sentiments. The main message of these sentiments is that a united Caucasus, independent Georgian kingdoms for Russia is considered to be an anti-Russian phenomenon.

This consistent and hostile attitude towards the Caucasus became the reason for the failure of Russian policy - it could neither establish a model of Christian globalization nor neutralize the Ottomans. Therefore, the study and understanding of the referred problem is rather important to determine the directions and priorities of modern political processes.

Keywords: Greek Project, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, Erekle II, Catherine II, Joseph II, Friedrich II, Russian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

Нацваладзе М.А.

Нацваладзе Мамука Автандилович – докторант,

программа: История Грузии,

гуманитарный факультет,

Сухумский государственный университет, г. Тбилиси, Грузия

Аннотация: в статье рассматривается глобальный международный проект 70-80-х годов XVIII века, предусматривающий новый передел Европы за счёт территорий Османской империи. Эта тема в концептуальной форме приобретает окончательный вид под названием "Греческий проект", в переписке Екатерины II с императором Австрии и Священной Римской империи Иосифом II.

"Греческий проект" однозначно можно считать ключом к истории Грузии 50-80-х годов XVIII века. Ряд исследований показал, что без учёта "Греческого вопроса" многие проблемные вопросы до настоящего времени остаются без ответа.

Терпение, проявленное царем Картли - Кахетии Ираклием II, и его смиренное отношение к русским интригам невозможно объяснить без "Греческого проекта". Путём реализации "Греческого проекта" Грузия обретает качественно иную и желанную на все времена форму.

Греческий проект - это попытка создать глобальную христианскую политическую модель, тот политический фон, который может служить предпосылкой для восстановления реального единого Кавказского Дома, обеспечить гарантии необратимого развития и безопасности для всех царств, княжеств и ханств на Кавказе.

По этой причине государственно мыслящий Ираклий II избегает агрессии в ответ на перманентные происки России. Ираклий II пытается участвовать в этой великой политической игре, как правитель полноценной политической единицы.

Такой подход Ираклия - залог успеха Императорского двора Санкт-Петербурга. Однако Россия выбирает совершенно иной путь - противопоставляя доброжелательному и союзническому отношению Ираклия, враждебные имперские настроения. Главный посыл этих настроений заключается в том, что Россиединый Кавказ, независимые грузинские царства и княжества, считает антироссийским явлением.

Такое последовательное и враждебное отношение к Кавказу стало причиной провала российской политики – ей не удалось создать модель христианской глобализации и нейтрализовать османов. Поэтому изучение и осмысление упомянутой проблемы, весьма важно для определения направлений и приоритетов современных политических процессов.

Ключевые слова: Греческий проект, Османская империя, Царство Картли-Кахети, Ираклий II, Екатерина II, Иосиф II, Фридрих II, Российская империя, Священная Римская империя германской нации.

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